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  1. Meyer, J. R., and R. E. Lenski. 2019. Subtle environmental differences have cascading effects on the ecology and evolution of a model microbial community. In W. Banzhaf, B. H. C. Cheng, K. Deb, K. E. Holekamp, R. E. Lenski, C. Ofria, R. T. Pennock, W. F. Punch, and D. J. Whittaker, editors. Evolution in Action: Past, Present and Future. Springer, in press.
  2. Burmeister, A. R., R. M. Sullivan, and R. E. Lenski. 2019. Fitness costs and benefits of resistance to phage Lambda in experimentally evolved Escherichia coli. In W. Banzhaf, B. H. C. Cheng, K. Deb, K. E. Holekamp, R. E. Lenski, C. Ofria, R. T. Pennock, W. F. Punch, and D. J. Whittaker, editors. Evolution in Action: Past, Present and Future. Springer, in press.
  3. Barrick, J. E., D. E. Deatherage, and R. E. Lenski. 2019. A test of the repeatability of measurements of relative fitness in the long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli. In W. Banzhaf, B. H. C. Cheng, K. Deb, K. E. Holekamp, R. E. Lenski, C. Ofria, R. T. Pennock, W. F. Punch, and D. J. Whittaker, editors. Evolution in Action: Past, Present and Future. Springer, in press.
  4. Lenski, R. E. 2019. 2010: A BEACON odyssey. In W. Banzhaf, B. H. C. Cheng, K. Deb, K. E. Holekamp, R. E. Lenski, C. Ofria, R. T. Pennock, W. F. Punch, and D. J. Whittaker, editors. Evolution in Action: Past, Present and Future. Springer, in press.
  5. Banzhaf, W., B. H. C. Cheng, K. Deb, K. E. Holekamp, R. E. Lenski, C. Ofria, R. T. Pennock, W. F. Punch, and D. J. Whittaker, editors. 2019. Evolution in Action: Past, Present and Future.. Springer, in press.
  6. Card, K. J., T. LaBar, J. B. Gomez, and R. E. Lenski. 2019. Historical contingency in the evolution of antibiotic resistance after decades of relaxed selection. PLOS Biology, in press. (Open access) [doi:10.5061/dryad.g41hg96]
  7. Lamrabet, O., J. Plumbridge, M. Martin, R. E. Lenski, D. Schneider, and T. Hindré. 2019. Plasticity of promoter-core sequences allows bacteria to compensate for the loss of a key global regulatory gene. Molecular Biology and Evolution 36: 1121-1133. (Paper) [10.5061/dryad.d02sc44]
  8. Lamrabet, O., M. Martin, R. E. Lenski, and D. Schneider. 2019. Changes in intrinsic antibiotic susceptibility during a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli. mBio 10: e00189-19. (Open access)
  9. Lents, N. H., S. J. Swamidass, and R. E. Lenski. 2019. The end of evolution? (Book review). Science 363: 590. (Link)
  10. Blount, Z. D., R. E. Lenski, and J. B. Losos. 2018. Contingency and determinism in evolution: replaying life’s tape. Science 362: 655 (review summary) and Science 362: eaam5979 (full review article). (Review Summary)
  11. Maddamsetti, R., and R. E. Lenski. 2018. Analysis of bacterial genomes from an evolution experiment with horizontal gene transfer shows that recombination can sometimes overwhelm selection. PLOS Genetics 14: e1007199. (Open Access)[10.5061/dryad.3bv80]
  12. Burmeister, A. R., and R. E. Lenski. 2018. Specifying the harsh conditions of life: resource competition and predation in the 1970s. American Naturalist 91: 87-89. (Open Access)
  13. Peng, F., S. Widmann, A. Wünsche, K. Duan, K. A. Donovan, R. C. J. Dobson, R. E. Lenski, and T. F. Cooper. 2018. Effects of beneficial mutations in pykF gene vary over time and across replicate populations in a long-term experiment with bacteria. Molecular Biology and Evolution 35: 202-210. (Abstract)
  14. Lenski, R. E., and T. C. Burnham. 2018. Experimental evolution of bacteria across 60,000 generations, and what it might mean for economics and human decision-making. Journal of Bioeconomics 20: 107-124. (Full Text via ReadCube)
  15. Good, B. H., M. J. McDonald, J. E. Barrick, R. E. Lenski, and M. M. Desai. 2017. The dynamics of molecular evolution over 60,000 generations. Nature 551: 45-50. (Abstract)
  16. Couce, A., L. V. Caudwell, C. Feinauer, T. Hindré, J. P. Feugeas, M. Weigt, R. E. Lenski, D. Schneider, and O. Tenaillon. 2017. Mutator genomes decay, despite sustained fitness gains, in a long-term experiment with bacteria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 114: E9026-E9035. (Abstract)[10.5061/dryad.sq67g]
  17. Lenski, R. E. 2017. Experimental evolution and the dynamics of adaptation and genome evolution in microbial populations. ISME Journal 11: 2181-2194. (Article)
  18. Lenski, R. E. 2017. Convergence and divergence in a long-term experiment with bacteria. American Naturalist 190: S57-S68. (Abstract)
  19. Turner, C. B., B. D. Wade, J. R. Meyer, B. A. Sommerfeld, and R. E. Lenski. 2017. Evolution of organismal stoichiometry in a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli. Royal Society Open Science 4: 170497. (Open Access)[10.5061/dryad.m53r1]
  20. Maddamsetti, R., P. J. Hatcher, A. G. Green, B. L. Williams, D. S. Marks, and R. E. Lenski. 2017. Core genes evolve rapidly in the long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli. Genome Biology and Evolution 9: 1072-1083. (Abstract)[10.5061/dryad.2875k.2]
  21. Lenski, R. E. 2017. What is adaptation by natural selection? Perspectives of an experimental microbiologist. PLOS Genetics 13: e1006668. (Open Access)
  22. Deatherage, D. E., J. L. Kepner, A. F. Bennett, R. E. Lenski, and J. E. Barrick. 2017. Specificity of genome evolution in experimental populations of Escherichia coli evolved at different temperatures. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 114: E1904–E1912. (OA full text)
  23. Wiser, M. J., and R. E. Lenski. 2017. Evolutionary theory and experiments with microorganisms. In Reference Modules in Life Sciences. Elsevier, Oxford, UK. (Abstract)
  24. Meyer, J. R., D. T. Dobias, S. J. Medina, L. Servilio, A. Gupta, and R. E. Lenski. 2016. Ecological speciation of bacteriophage Lambda in allopatry and sympatry. Science 354:1301-1304. (Abstract)[10.5061/dryad.4qb79]
  25. Burmeister, A. R., R. E. Lenski, and J. R. Meyer. 2016. Host coevolution alters the adaptive landscape of a virus. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B 283: 20161528. (Article)[10.5061/dryad.2tj43]
  26. Grosskopf, T., J. Consuegra, J. Gaffé, J. Willison, R. E. Lenski, O. S. Soyer, and D. Schneider. 2016. Metabolic modelling in a dynamic evolutionary framework predicts adaptive diversification of bacteria in a long-term evolution experiment. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16:163. (Article)
  27. Tenaillon, O., J. E. Barrick, N. Ribeck, D. E. Deatherage, J. L. Blanchard, A. Dasgupta, G. C. Wu, S. Wielgoss, S. Cruveiller, C. Médigue, D. Schneider, R. E. Lenski. 2016. Tempo and mode of genome evolution in a 50,000-generation experiment. Nature 536:165-170. (Article)[doi:10.5061/dryad.6226d]
  28. Losos, J., and R. E. Lenski, eds. 2016. How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. [Revision and condensation of publication 222.] (Princeton University Press)
  29. Lenski, R. E. 2016. How evolution shapes our lives. In J. Losos and R. E. Lenski, eds. How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. [Revision and expansion of publication 221.] (Book Chapter)
  30. Lenski, R. E., and D. S. Wilson. 2016. Evolutionary biology’s master craftsman: an interview with Richard Lenski. This View of Life [web magazine]. (Website)
  31. Lenski, R. E., M. J. Wiser, N. Ribeck, Z. D. Blount, J. R. Nahum, J. J. Morris, L. Zaman, C. B. Turner, B. D. Wade, R. Maddamsetti, A. R. Burmeister, E. J. Baird, J. Bundy, N. A. Grant, K. J. Card, M. Rowles, K. Weatherspoon, S. E. Papoulis, R. Sullivan, C. Clark, J. S. Mulka, and N. Hajela. 2015. Sustained fitness gains and variability in fitness trajectories in the long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B 282:20152292. (Article)[doi:10.5061/dryad.gd3dq]
  32. Turner, C. B., Z. D. Blount, and R. E. Lenski. 2015. Replaying evolution to test the cause of extinction of one ecotype in an experimentally evolved population. PLOS ONE 10: e0142050. (Article)[doi:10.5061/dryad.vf896]
  33. Maddamsetti, R., P. J. Hatcher, S. Cruveiller, C. Médigue, J. E. Barrick, and R. E. Lenski. 2015. Synonymous genetic variation in natural isolates of Escherichia coli does not predict where synonymous substitutions occur in a long-term experiment. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32: 2897-2904. (Abstract)[doi:10.5061/dryad.266g4]
  34. Fox, J. W., and R. E. Lenski. 2015. From here to eternity–the theory and practice of a really long experiment. PLOS Biology 13:e1002185. (Article)
  35. Maddamsetti, R., R. E. Lenski, and J. E. Barrick. 2015. Adaptation, clonal interference, and frequency-dependent interactions in a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli. Genetics 200:619-631. (Abstract)[10.5061/dryad.3m00k]
  36. Ostrowski, E. A., C. Ofria, and R. E. Lenski. 2015. Genetically integrated traits and rugged adaptive landscapes in digital organisms. BMC Evolutionary Biology 15:83. (Article)[10.5061/dryad.hh650]
  37. Wiser, M. J., and R. E. Lenski. 2015. A comparison of methods to measure fitness in Escherichia coli. PLoS ONE 10:e0126210. (Article)[10.5061/dryad.4875k]
  38. Ribeck, N., and R. E. Lenski. 2015. Modeling and quantifying frequency-dependent fitness in microbial populations with cross-feeding interactions. Evolution 69:1313-1320. (Abstract)[doi:10.5061/dryad.vm752]
  39. Zaman, L., J. R. Meyer, S. Devangam, D. M. Bryson, R. E. Lenski, and C. Ofria. 2014. Coevolution drives the emergence of complex traits and promotes evolvability. PLOS Biology 12:e1002023. (Full Text)[doi:10.5061/dryad.485qq]
  40. Wray, G. A., H. E. Hoekstra, D. J. Futuyma, R. E. Lenski, T. F. C. Mackay, D. Schluter, and J. E. Strassmann. 2014. Does evolutionary theory need a rethink? No all is well. (Counterpoint) Nature 514:161-164. (Article)
  41. Raeside, C., J. Gaffé, D. E. Deatherage, O. Tenaillon, A. Briska, R. N. Ptashkin, S. Cruveiller, C. Médigue, R. E. Lenski, J. E. Barrick, and D. Schneider. 2014. Large chromosomal rearrangements during a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli. mBio 5: e01377-14. (Full Text PDF)[doi:10.5061/dryad.283pp]
  42. Morris, J. J., S. E. Papoulis, and R. E. Lenski. 2014. Coexistence of evolving bacteria stabilized by a shared Black Queen function. Evolution 68:2960-2971. (Abstract)[doi:10.5061/dryad.2753k]
  43. Plucain, J., T. Hindré, M. Le Gac, O. Tenaillon, S. Cruveiller, C. Médigue, N. Leiby, W. R. Harcombe, C. J. Marx, R. E. Lenski, D. Schneider. 2014. Epistasis and allele specificity in the emergence of a stable polymorphism in Escherichia coli. Science 343:1366-1369. (Full Text PDF)[doi:10.5061/dryad.12c6b]
  44. Wiser, M. J., N. Ribeck, and R. E. Lenski. 2013. Long-term dynamics of adaptation in asexual populations. Science 342:1364-1367. (Full Text PDF)[doi:10.5061/dryad.0hc2m]
  45. Barrick, J. E., and R. E. Lenski. 2013. Genome dynamics during experimental evolution. Nature Reviews Genetics 14:827-839. (Abstract)
  46. Losos, J., D. Baum, D. Futuyma, H. Hoekstra, R. E. Lenski, A. J. Moore, K. Peichel, D. Schluter, and M. Whitlock, eds. 2013. Princeton Guide to Evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. (Princeton University Press)
  47. Lenski, R. E. 2013. Evolution and modern society. Pp. 727-731 in J. Losos, D. Baum, D. Futuyma, H. Hoekstra, R. E. Lenski, A. J. Moore, K. Peichel, D. Schluter, and M. Whitlock, eds. Princeton Guide to Evolution. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. (Princeton University Press)
  48. Covert, A. W. III, R. E. Lenski, C. O. Wilke, and C. Ofria. 2013. Experiments on the role of deleterious mutations as stepping stones in adaptive evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 110: E3171-E3178. (Abstract)[doi:10.5061/dryad.4hp5n]
  49. Wielgoss, S., J. E. Barrick, O. Tenaillon, M. J. Wiser, W. J. Dittmar, S. Cruveiller, B. Chane-Woon-Ming, C. Médigue, R. E. Lenski, and D. Schneider. 2013. Mutation rate dynamics in a bacterial population reflect tension between adaptation and genetic load. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 110:222-227. (Abstract)[doi:10.5061/dryad.hb3b5]
  50. Kawecki, T. J., R. E. Lenski, D. Ebert, B. Hollis, I. Olivieri, and M. C. Whitlock. 2012. The value of complementary approaches in evolutionary research: reply to Magalhães and Matos. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 27:650-651. (Link)
  51. Blount, Z. D., J. E. Barrick, C. J. Davidson, and R. E. Lenski. 2012. Genomic analysis of a key innovation in an experimental Escherichia coli population. Nature 489:513-518. (Abstract)[doi:10.5061/dryad.8q6n4]
  52. Kawecki, T. J., R. E. Lenski, D. Ebert, B. Hollis, I. Olivieri, and M. C. Whitlock. 2012. Experimental evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 27:547-560. (Abstract)
  53. Clune, J., R. T. Pennock, C. Ofria, and R. E. Lenski. 2012. Ontogeny tends to recapitulate phylogeny in digital organisms. American Naturalist 180:E54-E63. (Abstract)[doi:10.5061/dryad.9k6k0]
  54. Zaman, L., C. Ofria, and R. E. Lenski. 2012. Finger-painting fitness landscapes: an interactive tool for exploring complex evolutionary dynamics. Pp. 499-505 in Thirteenth International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems. (Abstract)
  55. Le Gac, M., J. Plucain, T. Hindré, R. E. Lenski, and D. Schneider. 2012. Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of coexisting lineages during a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 109:9487-9492. (Abstract)[doi:10.5061/dryad.d7k5r5d2]
  56. Morris, J. J., R. E. Lenski, and E. R. Zinser. 2012. The Black Queen Hypothesis: Evolution of dependencies through adaptive gene loss. mBio 3:e00036-12. (Abstract)[doi:10.5061/dryad.7j8c5s5j]
  57. Meyer, J. R., D. T. Dobias, J. S. Weitz, J. E. Barrick, R. T. Quick, and R. E. Lenski. 2012. Repeatability and contingency in the evolution of a key innovation in phage Lambda. Science 335:428-432. (Abstract)[doi:10.5061/dryad.sh7rm2pt]
  58. Lenski, R. E. 2011. Chance and necessity in the evolution of a bacterial pathogen (News and Views). Nature Genetics 43:1174-1176. (Link)
  59. Wielgoss, S., J. E. Barrick, O. Tenaillon, S. Cruvellier, B. Chane-Woon-Ming, C. Médigue, R. E. Lenski, and D. Schneider. 2011. Mutation rate inferred from synonymous substitutions in a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics 1:183-186. (Abstract)
  60. Haag, E. S., and R. E. Lenski. 2011. L’enfant terrible at 30: the maturation of evolutionary developmental biology (meeting review). Development 138:2633-2637. (Abstract)
  61. Khan, A. I., D. M. Dinh, D. Schneider, R. E. Lenski, and T. F. Cooper. 2011. Negative epistasis between beneficial mutations in an evolving bacterial population. Science 332:1193-1196. (Abstract)[doi:10.5061/dryad.5rv40]
  62. Woods, R. J., J. E. Barrick, T. F. Cooper, U. Shrestha, M. R. Kauth, and R. E. Lenski. 2011. Second-order selection for evolvability in a large Escherichia coli population. Science 331:1433-1436. (Abstract)
  63. Committee on Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBI’s Investigation of the 2001 Bacillus anthracis Mailings. 2011. Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBI's Investigation of the 2001 Anthrax Letters. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. xx + 170 pp. (NAS Press)
  64. Lenski, R. E. 2011. Evolution in action: a 50,000-generation salute to Charles Darwin. Microbe 6:30-33. (Journal PDF)
  65. Crozat, E., T. Hindré, L. Kühn, J. Garin, R. E. Lenski, and D. Schneider. 2011. Altered regulation of the OmpF porin by Fis in Escherichia coli during an evolution experiment and between B and K12 strains. Journal of Bacteriology 193:429-440. (Abstract)
  66. Meyer, J. R., A. A. Agrawal, R. T. Quick, D. T. Dobias, D. Schneider, and R. E. Lenski. 2010. Parallel changes in host resistance to viral infection during 45,000 generations of relaxed selection. Evolution 64:3024-3034. (Abstract)
  67. Strelioff, C. C., R. E. Lenski, and C. Ofria. 2010. Evolutionary dynamics, epistatic interactions, and biological information. Journal of Theoretical Biology 266:584-594. (Abstract)
  68. Crozat, E., C. Winkworth, J. Gaffé, P. F. Hallin, M. A. Riley, R. E. Lenski, and D. Schneider. 2010. Parallel genetic and phenotypic evolution of DNA superhelicity in experimental populations of Escherichia coli. Molecular Biology and Evolution 27:2113-2128. (Abstract)
  69. Barrick, J. E., M. R. Kauth, C. C. Strelioff, and R. E. Lenski. 2010. Escherichia coli rpoB mutants have increased evolvability in proportion to their fitness defects. Molecular Biology and Evolution 27:1338-1347. (Abstract)
  70. Misevic, D., C. Ofria, and R. E. Lenski. 2010. Experiments with digital organisms on the origin and maintenance of sex in changing environments. Journal of Heredity 101:S46-S54. (Abstract)
  71. Cooper, T. F., and R. E. Lenski. 2010. Experimental evolution with E. coli in diverse resource environments. I. Fluctuating environments promote divergence of replicate populations. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10:11 [10 pp]. (Abstract)
  72. Barrick, J. E., and R. E. Lenski. 2009. Genome-wide mutational diversity in an evolving population of Escherichia coli. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 74:119-129. (Abstract)
  73. Stanek, M. T, T. F. Cooper, and R. E. Lenski. 2009. Identification and dynamics of a beneficial mutation in a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli. BMC Evolutionary Biology 9:302 [13 pp]. (Abstract)
  74. Barrick, J. E., D. S. Yu, S. H. Yoon, H. Jeong, T. K. Oh, D. Schneider, R. E. Lenski, and J. F. Kim. 2009. Genome evolution and adaptation in a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli. Nature 461:1243-1247. (Abstract)
  75. Studier, F. W., P. Daegelen, R. E. Lenski, S. Maslov, and J. F. Kim. 2009. Understanding the differences between genome sequences of Escherichia coli B strains REL606 and BL21(DE3) and comparison of the E. coli B and K-12 genomes. Journal of Molecular Biology 394:653-680. (Abstract)
  76. Jeong, H., V. Barbe, C. H. Lee, D. Vallenet, D. S. Yu, S.-H. Choi, A. Couloux, S.-W. Lee, S. H. Yoon, L. Cattolico, C.-G. Hur, H.-S. Park, B. Ségurens, S. C. Kim, T. K. Oh, R. E. Lenski, F. W. Studier, P. Daegelen, and J. F. Kim. 2009. Genome sequences of Escherichia coli B strains REL606 and BL21(DE3). Journal of Molecular Biology 394:644-652. (Abstract)
  77. Daegelen, P., F. W. Studier, R. E. Lenski, S. Cure, and J. F. Kim. 2009. Tracing ancestors and relatives of Escherichia coli B, and the derivation of B strains REL606 and BL21(DE3). Journal of Molecular Biology 394:634-643. (Abstract)
  78. Lenski, R. E., and M. J. Wiser. 2009. Evolution, theory and experiments with microorganisms. Pp. 550-564 in M. Schaechter, ed. Encyclopedia of Microbiology, 3rd edition. Elsevier, Oxford, UK.
  79. Yedid, G., C. A. Ofria, and R. E. Lenski. 2009. Selective press extinctions, but not random pulse extinctions, cause delayed ecological recovery in communities of digital organisms. American Naturalist 173:E139–E154. (Abstract)[doi:10.5061/dryad.1212]
  80. Lenski, R. E. 2009. Evolution: Past, Present and Future. Essay and video interview for the National Science Foundation's commemoration of the 150th anniversary of the publication of Darwin’s On the Origin of Species. (NSF Special Report)
  81. Philippe, N., L. Pelosi, R. E. Lenski, and D. Schneider. 2009. Evolution of penicillin-binding protein 2 concentration and cell shape during a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 191:909-921. (Abstract)
  82. Lenski, R. E. 2009. Lederberg, Joshua (biographical essay). Pp. 678-680 in M. Ruse and J. Travis, eds. Evolution: The First Four Billion Years. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. (Publisher)
  83. Rozen, D. E., N. Philippe, J. A. de Visser, R. E. Lenski, and D. Schneider. 2009. Death and cannibalism in a seasonal environment facilitate bacterial coexistence. Ecology Letters 12:34-44. (Abstract)
  84. Hillesland, K. L., G. J. Velicer, and R. E. Lenski. 2009. Experimental evolution of a microbial predator’s ability to find prey. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B 276:459–467. (Abstract)
  85. Clune, J., D. Misevic, C. Ofria, R. E. Lenski, S. F. Elena, and R. Sanjuán. 2008. Natural selection fails to optimize mutation rates for long-term adaptation on rugged fitness landscapes. PLoS Computational Biology 4:e1000187 [8 pp]. (Article)
  86. Sleight, S. C., C. Orlic, D. Schneider, and R. E. Lenski. 2008. Genetic basis of evolutionary adaptation by Escherichia coli to stressful cycles of freezing, thawing and growth. Genetics 180:431-443. (Abstract)
  87. Yedid, G., C. A. Ofria, and R. E. Lenski. 2008. Historical and contingent factors affect re-evolution of a complex feature lost during mass extinction in communities of digital organisms. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 21:1335-1357. (Abstract)
  88. Blount, Z. D., C. Z. Borland, and R. E. Lenski. 2008. Historical contingency and the evolution of a key innovation in an experimental population of Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 105:7899-7906. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  89. Cooper, T. F., S. K. Remold, R. E. Lenski, and D. Schneider. 2008. Expression profiles reveal parallel evolution of epistatic interactions involving the CRP regulon in Escherichia coli. PLoS Genetics 4:e35 [10 pp]. (Article)
  90. Ostrowski, E. A., R. J. Woods, and R. E. Lenski. 2008. The genetic basis of parallel and divergent phenotypic responses in evolving populations of Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B 275:277-284. (Abstract)
  91. Lenski, R. E. 2008. Chance and necessity in evolution. Pp. 3-16 in S. Conway Morris, ed. The Deep Structure of Biology: Is Convergence Sufficiently Ubiquitous to Give a Directional Signal? Templeton Foundation Press, West Conshohocken, PA. (Order)
  92. Yoshida, T., S. P. Ellner, L. E. Jones, B. J. M. Bohannan, R. E. Lenski, and N. G. Hairston, Jr. 2007. Cryptic population dynamics: rapid evolution masks trophic interactions. PLoS Biology 5:1868-1879. (Article)
  93. Philippe, N., E. Crozat, R. E. Lenski, and D. Schneider. 2007. Evolution of global regulatory networks during a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli. BioEssays 29:846-860. (Abstract)
  94. Sleight, S. C, and R. E. Lenski. 2007. Evolutionary adaptation to freeze-thaw-growth cycles in Escherichia coli. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 80:370-385. (Abstract)
  95. Bennett, A. F., and R. E. Lenski. 2007. An experimental test of evolutionary trade-offs during temperature adaptation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 104:8649-8654. (Abstract)
  96. Beerenwinkel, N., L. Pachter, B. Sturmfels, S. F. Elena, and R. E. Lenski. 2007. Analysis of epistatic interactions and fitness landscapes using a new geometric approach. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7:60 [12 pp]. (Article)
  97. Hillesland, K. L., R. E. Lenski, and G. J. Velicer. 2007. Ecological variables affecting predatory success in Myxococcus xanthus. Microbial Ecology 53:571-578. (Abstract)
  98. Elena, S. F., C. O. Wilke, C. Ofria, and R. E. Lenski. 2007. Effects of population size and mutation rate on the evolution of mutational robustness. Evolution 61:666-674. (Abstract)
  99. Ostrowski, E. A., C. Ofria, and R. E. Lenski. 2007. Ecological specialization and adaptive decay in digital organisms. American Naturalist 169:E1-E20. (Abstract)
  100. Sleight, S. C, N. S. Wigginton, and R. E. Lenski. 2006. Increased susceptibility to repeated freeze-thaw cycles in Escherichia coli following long-term evolution in a benign environment. BMC Evolutionary Biology 6:104 [8 pp]. (Abstract)
  101. Lenski, R. E., J. E. Barrick, and C. Ofria. 2006. Balancing robustness and evolvability (Essay). PLoS Biology 4:e428 [3 pp]. (PLoS Biology)
  102. Pelosi, L., L. Kühn, D. Guetta, J. Garin, J. Geiselmann, R. E. Lenski, and D. Schneider. 2006. Parallel changes in global protein profiles during long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. Genetics 173:1851-1869. (Abstract)
  103. Novak, M., T. Pfeiffer, R. E. Lenski, U. Sauer, and S. Bonhoeffer. 2006. Experimental tests for an evolutionary trade-off between growth rate and yield in E. coli. American Naturalist 168:242-251. (Abstract)
  104. Woods, R., D. Schneider, C. L. Winkworth, M. A. Riley, and R. E. Lenski. 2006. Tests of parallel molecular evolution in a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 103:9107-9112. (PNAS)
  105. Lenski, R. E. 2006. E. coli as a model organism in evolutionary genetics. Pp. 485-487 in C. W. Fox and J. B. Wolf, eds. Evolutionary Genetics: Concepts and Case Studies. Oxford University Press, New York. (Book contents)
  106. Misevic, D., C. Ofria, R. E. Lenski. 2006. Sexual reproduction reshapes the genetic architecture of digital organisms. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B 273:457-464. (Link to PDF)
  107. Ostrowski, E. A., D. E. Rozen, and R. E. Lenski. 2005. Pleiotropic effects of beneficial mutations in Escherichia coli. Evolution 59:2343-2352. (Abstract)
  108. Elena, S. F., T. S. Whittam, C. L. Winkworth, M. A. Riley, and R. E. Lenski. 2005. Genomic divergence of Escherichia coli strains: evidence for horizontal transfer and variation in mutation rates. International Microbiology 8:271-278. (PDF file)
  109. Rozen, D. E., D. Schneider, and R. E. Lenski. 2005. Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. XIII. Phylogenetic history of a balanced polymorphism. Journal of Molecular Evolution 61:171-180. (Journal link)
  110. Lenski, R. E. 2005. A synthesizer's parting words: Ernst Mayr reflects on evolutionary biology as science (special book article). BioScience 54:697-701. (BioScience site)
  111. Lenski, R. E., and P. Keim. 2005. Population genetics of bacteria in a forensic context. Pp. 355-369 in R. G. Breeze, B. Budowle, and S. E. Schutzer, editors. Microbial Forensics. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, California. (Publisher)(Acrobat file)
  112. Eldredge, N., J. N. Thompson, P. M. Brakefield, S. Gavrilets, D. Jablonski, J. B. C. Jackson, R. E. Lenski, B. S. Lieberman, M. A. McPeek, and W. Miller III. 2005. The dynamics of evolutionary stasis. Paleobiology 31:133-145.
  113. Crozat, E., N. Philippe, R. E. Lenski, J. Geiselmann, and D. Schneider. 2005. Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. XII. DNA topology as a key target of selection. Genetics 169:523-532. (Abstract)
  114. Cooper, T. F., R. E. Lenski, and S. F. Elena. 2005. Parasites and mutational load: an experimental test of a pluralistic theory for the evolution of sex. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B 272:311-317. (Article)
  115. Lenski, R. E. 2004. Microbial evolution in action. Microbiology Today 31:158. (Microbiology Today)(Acrobat file)
  116. Misevic, D., R. E. Lenski, and C. Ofria. 2004. Sexual reproduction and Muller's ratchet in digital organisms. Pp. 340-345 in J. Pollack, M. Bedau, P. Husbands, T. Ikegami, and R. A. Watson, eds. Artificial Life IX: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. (Acrobat file)
  117. Lenski, R. E. 2004. The future of evolutionary biology. Ludus Vitalis (special issue honoring Ernst Mayr on his 100th birthday) 12:67-89. (Acrobat file)
  118. Chow, S. S., C. O. Wilke, C. Ofria, R. E. Lenski, and C. Adami. 2004. Adaptive radiation from resource competition in digital organisms. Science 305:84-86. (Science)
  119. Schneider, D., and R. E. Lenski. 2004. Dynamics of insertion sequence elements during experimental evolution of bacteria. Research in Microbiology 155:319-327. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  120. Remold, S. K., and R. E. Lenski. 2004. Pervasive joint influence of epistasis and plasticity on mutational effects in Escherichia coli. Nature Genetics 36:423-426. (Nature Genetics)(Acrobat file)
  121. Lenski, R. E. 2004. Phenotypic and genomic evolution during a 20,000-generation experiment with the bacterium Escherichia coli. Plant Breeding Reviews 24:225-265. (Acrobat file)
  122. Lenski, R. E. 2003. The eyes have it (Book Review). Nature 425:767-768. (PDF link)
  123. Elena, S. F., and R. E. Lenski. 2003. Evolution experiments with microorganisms: the dynamics and genetic bases of adaptation. Nature Reviews Genetics 4:457-469. (Nature Rev. Gen.)(Acrobat file)
  124. Lenski, R. E., C. Ofria, R. T. Pennock, and C. Adami. 2003. The evolutionary origin of complex features. Nature 423:139-144. (Nature)(Acrobat file)
  125. Riehle, M. R., A. F. Bennett, R. E. Lenski, and A. D. Long. 2003. Evolutionary changes in heat-inducible gene expression in lines of Escherichia coli adapted to high temperature. Physiological Genomics 14:47-58. (Abstract)
  126. Lenski, R. E., C. L. Winkworth, and M. A. Riley. 2003. Rates of DNA sequence evolution in experimental populations of Escherichia coli during 20,000 generations. Journal of Molecular Evolution 56:498-508. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  127. Wilke, C. O., R. E. Lenski, and C. Adami. 2003. Compensatory mutations cause excess of antagonistic epistasis in RNA secondary structure folding. BMC Evolutionary Biology 3:3. (Link)
  128. Cooper, T. F., D. E. Rozen, and R. E. Lenski. 2003. Parallel changes in gene expression after 20,000 generations of evolution in Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100:1072-1077. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  129. De Visser, J. A. G. M., and R. E. Lenski. 2002. Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. XI. Rejection of non-transitive interactions as cause of declining rate of adaptation. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2:19. (Link)
  130. Schneider, D., E. Duperchy, J. Depeyrot, E. Coursange, R. E. Lenski, and M. Blot. 2002. Genomic comparisons among Escherichia coli strains B, K-12, and O157:H7 using IS elements as molecular markers. BMC Microbiology 2:18. (Link)
  131. Velicer, G. J., R. E. Lenski, and L. Kroos. 2002. Rescue of social motility lost during evolution of Myxococcus xanthus in an asocial regime. Journal of Bacteriology 184:2719-2727. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  132. Pagel, M., S. Frank, C. Godfray, B. K. Hall, K. Hawkes, D. M. Hillis, A. Kodric-Brown, R. E. Lenski, and A. Pomiankowski, editors. 2002. Encyclopedia of Evolution. Oxford University Press, New York. (Order)
  133. Lenski, R. E. 2002. Resistance, cost of. Pp. 1008-1010 in M. Pagel, S. Frank, C. Godfray, B. K. Hall, K. Hawkes, D. M. Hillis, A. Kodric-Brown, R. E. Lenski, and A. Pomiankowski, eds. Encyclopedia of Evolution. Oxford University Press, New York. (Order)
  134. Lenski, R. E. 2002. Experimental evolution: a long-term study with E. coli. Pp. 342-344 in M. Pagel, S. Frank, C. Godfray, B. K. Hall, K. Hawkes, D. M. Hillis, A. Kodric-Brown, R. E. Lenski, and A. Pomiankowski, eds. Encyclopedia of Evolution. Oxford University Press, New York. (Order)
  135. Lenski, R. E. 2002. Basic reproductive rate (R0). Pp. 93-94 in M. Pagel, S. Frank, C. Godfray, B. K. Hall, K. Hawkes, D. M. Hillis, A. Kodric-Brown, R. E. Lenski, and A. Pomiankowski, eds. Encyclopedia of Evolution. Oxford University Press, New York. (Order)
  136. Lenski, R. E., and M. A. Riley. 2002. Chemical warfare from an ecological perspective (Commentary). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 99:556-558. (Link)(Acrobat file)
  137. Lenski, R. E. 2001. Twice as natural (Concepts). Nature 414:255. (Acrobat file)
  138. Cullum, A. J., A. F. Bennett, and R. E. Lenski. 2001. Evolutionary adaptation to temperature. IX. Preadaptation to novel stressful environments by E. coli adapted to high temperature. Evolution 55:2194-2202. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  139. Lenski, R. E. 2001. Come fly, and leave the baggage behind (Perspective). Science 294:533-534. (Reprint)(Acrobat file)
  140. Lenski, R. E. 2001. Evolutionary rate. Pp. 671-672 in S. Brenner and J. Miller, editors-in-chief. Encyclopedia of Genetics. Academic Press, San Diego. (Acrobat file)
  141. Elena, S. F., and R. E. Lenski. 2001. Epistasis between new mutations and genetic background and a test of genetic canalization. Evolution 55:1746-1752. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  142. Remold, S. K., and R. E. Lenski. 2001. Contribution of individual random mutations to genotype-by-environment interactions in Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 98:11388-11393. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  143. Wilke, C. O, J. Wang, C. Ofria, R. E. Lenski, and C. Adami. 2001. Evolution of digital organisms at high mutation rate leads to survival of the flattest. Nature 412:331-333. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  144. Lenski, R. E. 2001. Testing Antonovics' five tenets of ecological genetics: experiments with bacteria at the interface of ecology and genetics. Pp. 25-45 in M. C. Press, N. Huntly, and S. Levin, eds. Ecology: Achievement and Challenge. Blackwell Science, Oxford. (Acrobat file)
  145. Cooper, V. S., A. F. Bennett, and R. E. Lenski. 2001. Evolution of thermal dependence of growth rate of Escherichia coli populations during 20,000 generations in a constant environment. Evolution 55:889-896. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  146. Cooper, V. S., D. Schneider, M. Blot, and R. E. Lenski. 2001. Mechanisms causing rapid and parallel losses of ribose catabolism in evolving populations of E. coli B. Journal of Bacteriology 183:2834-2841. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  147. Riley, M. S., V. S. Cooper, R. E. Lenski, L. J. Forney, and T. L. Marsh. 2001. Rapid phenotypic change and diversification of a soil bacterium during 1000 generations of experimental evolution. Microbiology 147:995-1006. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  148. Bronikowski, A. M., A. F. Bennett, and R. E. Lenski. 2001. Evolutionary adaptation to temperature. VIII. Effects of temperature on growth rate in natural isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica from different thermal environments. Evolution 55:33-40. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  149. Cooper, V. S., and R. E. Lenski. 2000. The population genetics of ecological specialization in evolving Escherichia coli populations. Nature 407:736-739. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  150. Schneider, D., E. Duperchy, E. Coursange, R. E. Lenski, and M. Blot. 2000. Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. IX. Characterization of IS-mediated mutations and rearrangements. Genetics 156:477-488. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  151. Lenski, R. E. 2000. Evolution: fact and theory. Published by ActionBioScience, a refereed web site dedicated to promoting bioscience literacy. (Link)
  152. Bohannan, B. J. M., and R. E. Lenski. 2000. The relative importance of competition and predation varies with productivity in a model community. American Naturalist 156:329-340. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  153. Lenski, R. E., and G. J. Velicer. 2000. Games microbes play. Selection 1:89-95. (Acrobat file)
  154. Bohannan, B. J. M., and R. E. Lenski. 2000. Linking genetic change to community evolution: insights from studies of bacteria and bacteriophage. Ecology Letters 3:362-377. (Acrobat file)
  155. Lenski, R. E. 2000. Evolution, theory and experiments. Vol. 2, pp. 283-298 in J. Lederberg, editor. Encyclopedia of Microbiology, 2nd edition. Academic Press, San Diego.
  156. Velicer, G. J., L. Kroos, and R. E. Lenski. 2000. Developmental cheating in the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. Nature 404:598-601. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  157. Lenski, R. E., and J. A. Mongold. 2000. Cell size, shape, and fitness in evolving populations of bacteria. Pp. 221-235 in J. H. Brown and G. B. West, eds. Scaling in Biology. Oxford University Press.
  158. Moore, F. B-G., D. E. Rozen, and R. E. Lenski. 2000. Pervasive compensatory adaptation in Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B, 267:515-522. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  159. Rozen, D. E., and R. E. Lenski. 2000. Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. VIII. Dynamics of a balanced polymorphism. American Naturalist 155:24-35. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  160. Lenski, R. E. 1999. A distinction between the origin and maintenance of sex (Comment). Journal of Evolutionary Biology 12:1034-1035.
  161. Velicer, G. J., T. M. Schmidt, and R. E. Lenski. 1999. Application of traditional and phylogenetically based comparative methods to test for a tradeoff in bacterial growth rate at low versus high substrate concentration. Microbial Ecology 38:191-200. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  162. Vasi, F. K., and R. E. Lenski. 1999. Ecological strategies and fitness tradeoffs in Escherichia coli mutants adapted to prolonged starvation. Journal of Genetics 78:43-49. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  163. Lenski, R. E., C. Ofria, T. C. Collier, and C. Adami. 1999. Genome complexity, robustness, and genetic interactions in digital organisms. Nature 400:661-664. (Link)(Acrobat file)
  164. Vulic, M., R. E. Lenski, and M. Radman. 1999. Mutation, recombination and incipient speciation of bacteria in the laboratory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 96:7348-7351. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  165. Bennett, A. F., and R. E. Lenski. 1999. Experimental evolution and its role in evolutionary physiology. American Zoologist 39:346-362. (Acrobat file)
  166. Velicer, G. J., and R. E. Lenski. 1999. Evolutionary tradeoffs under conditions of resource abundance and scarcity: experiments with bacteria. Ecology 80:1168-1179. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  167. Mongold, J. A., A. F. Bennett, and R. E. Lenski. 1999. Evolutionary adaptation to temperature. VII. Extension of the upper thermal limit of Escherichia coli. Evolution 53:386-394. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  168. Papadopoulos, D., D. Schneider, J. Meier-Eiss, W. Arber, R. E. Lenski, and M. Blot. 1999. Genomic evolution during a 10,000-generation experiment with bacteria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 96:3807-3812. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  169. Lenski, R. E. 1999. Schools, society need evolutionary science (Op-ed). The Detroit News, Sunday, March 21.
  170. Bohannan, B. J. M., M. Travisano, and R. E. Lenski. 1999. Epistatic interactions can lower the cost of resistance to multiple consumers. Evolution 53:292-295. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  171. Bohannan, B. J. M., and R. E. Lenski. 1999. Effect of prey heterogeneity on the response of a model food chain to resource enrichment. American Naturalist 153:73-82. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  172. De Visser, J. A. G. M., C. W. Zeyl, P. J. Gerrish, J. L. Blanchard, and R. E. Lenski. 1999. Diminishing returns from mutation supply rate in asexual populations. Science 283:404-406. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  173. Lenski, R. E. 1998. Bacterial evolution and the cost of antibiotic resistance. International Microbiology 1:265-270. (PDF link)
  174. Moxon, E. R., P. B. Rainey, and R. E. Lenski. 1998. Mutability and variability in disease (Letter). Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 42:154-155.
  175. Velicer, G. J., L. Kroos, and R. E. Lenski. 1998. Loss of social behaviors by Myxococcus xanthus during evolution in an unstructured habitat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95:12376-12380. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  176. Nakatsu, C. H., R. Korona, R. E. Lenski, F. de Bruijn, T. L. Marsh, and L. J. Forney. 1998. Parallel and divergent genotypic evolution in experimental populations of Ralstonia sp. Journal of Bacteriology 180:4325-4331. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  177. Elena, S. F., L. Ekunwe, N. Hajela, S. A. Oden, and R. E. Lenski. 1998. Distribution of fitness effects caused by random insertion mutations in Escherichia coli. Genetica 102/103:349-358. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  178. Gerrish, P. J., and R. E. Lenski. 1998. The fate of competing beneficial mutations in an asexual population. Genetica 102/103:127-144. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  179. Lenski, R. E. 1998. Get A Life (Book Review). Science 280:849-850.
  180. Turner, P. E., V. S. Cooper, and R. E. Lenski. 1998. Tradeoff between horizontal and vertical modes of transmission in bacterial plasmids. Evolution 52:455-469. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  181. Lenski, R. E., J. A. Mongold, P. D. Sniegowski, M. Travisano, F. Vasi, P. J. Gerrish, and T. Schmidt. 1998. Evolution of competitive fitness in experimental populations of E. coli: What makes one genotype a better competitor than another? Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 73:35-47. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  182. Taylor, D. R., A. M. Jarosz, R. E. Lenski, and D. W. Fulbright. 1998. The acquisition of hypovirulence in host-pathogen systems with three trophic levels. American Naturalist 151:343-355. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  183. Bohannan, B. J. M., and R. E. Lenski. 1997. Effect of resource enrichment on a chemostat community of bacteria and bacteriophage. Ecology 78:2303-2315. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  184. Elena, S. F., and R. E. Lenski. 1997. Test of synergistic interactions among deleterious mutations in bacteria. Nature 390:395-398. (Abstract)(Acrobat file) [doi:10.5061/dryad.rg8mb]
  185. Lenski, R. E., G. J. Velicer, and R. Korona. 1997. Experimental studies on the evolution of bacteria that degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Pp. 83-95 in K. Horikoshi, M. Fukuda, and T. Kudo, eds. Microbial Diversity and Genetics of Biodegradation. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo.
  186. Elena, S. F., and R. E. Lenski. 1997. Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. VII. Mechanisms maintaining genetic variability within populations. Evolution 51:1058-1067. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  187. Bennett, A. F., and R. E. Lenski. 1997. Phenotypic and evolutionary adaptation of a model bacterial system to stressful thermal environments. Pp. 135-154 in R. Bijlsma and V. Loeschcke, eds. Environmental Stress, Adaptation and Evolution (Birkhäuser, Basel, Switzerland). (PDF link)
  188. Souza, V., P. E. Turner, and R. E. Lenski. 1997. Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. V. Effects of recombination with immigrant genotypes on the rate of bacterial evolution. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 10:743-769. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  189. Sniegowski, P. D., P. J. Gerrish, and R. E. Lenski. 1997. Evolution of high mutation rates in experimental populations of Escherichia coli. Nature 387:703-705. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  190. Lenski, R. E. 1997. The cost of antibiotic resistance - from the perspective of a bacterium. Pp. 131-151 in D. J. Chadwick and J. Goode, eds. Antibiotic Resistance: Origins, Evolution, Selection and Spread (Ciba Foundation Symposium 207). Wiley, Chichester, UK. (Abstract)
  191. Bennett, A. F., and R. E. Lenski. 1997. Evolutionary adaptation to temperature. VI. Phenotypic acclimation and its evolution in Escherichia coli. Evolution 51:36-44. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  192. Elena, S. F., V. S. Cooper, and R. E. Lenski. 1996. Mechanisms of punctuated evolution. (Technical Comment). Science 274:1749-1750.
  193. Turner, P. E., V. Souza, and R. E. Lenski. 1996. Tests of ecological mechanisms promoting the stable coexistence of two bacterial genotypes. Ecology 77:2119-2129. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  194. Mongold, J. A., and R. E. Lenski. 1996. Experimental rejection of a nonadaptive explanation for increased cell size in Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 178: 5333-5334. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  195. Mongold, J. A., A. F. Bennett, and R. E. Lenski. 1996. Experimental investigations of evolutionary adaptation to temperature. Pp. 239-264 in I. A. Johnston and A. F. Bennett, eds. Animals and Temperature: Phenotypic and Evolutionary Adaptation (Society for Experimental Biology Seminar Series 59). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. (PDF link)
  196. Bonhoeffer, S., R. E. Lenski, and D. Ebert. 1996. The curse of the pharaoh: the evolution of virulence in pathogens with long living propagules. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B 263:715-721 (Acrobat file)
  197. Elena, S. F., V. S. Cooper, and R. E. Lenski. 1996. Punctuated evolution caused by selection of rare beneficial mutations. Science 272:1802-1804. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  198. Travisano, M., and R. E. Lenski. 1996. Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. IV. Targets of selection and the specificity of adaptation. Genetics 143:15-26. (Abstract)
  199. Bennett, A. F., and R. E. Lenski. 1996. Evolutionary adaptation to temperature. V. Adaptive mechanisms and correlated responses in experimental lines of Escherichia coli. Evolution 50:493-503. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  200. Mongold, J. A., A. F. Bennett, and R. E. Lenski. 1996. Evolutionary adaptation to temperature. IV. Adaptation of Escherichia coli at a niche boundary. Evolution 50:35-43. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  201. Sniegowski, P. D., and R. E. Lenski. 1995. Mutation and adaptation: the directed mutation controversy in evolutionary perspective. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 26:553-578. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  202. Lenski, R. E. 1995. Molecules are more than markers: new directions in molecular microbial ecology. Molecular Ecology 4:643-651. (Abstract)
  203. Lenski, R. E., and P. D. Sniegowski. 1995. "Adaptive mutation": the debate goes on (Letter). Science 269:285-286. (Abstract)
  204. Travisano, M., F. Vasi, and R. E. Lenski. 1995. Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. III. Variation among replicate populations in correlated responses to novel environments. Evolution 49:189-200. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  205. Johnson, P. A., R. E. Lenski, and F. C. Hoppensteadt. 1995. Theoretical analysis of divergence in mean fitness between initially identical populations. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B 259:125-130. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  206. Lenski, R. E., and P. D. Sniegowski. 1995. Directed mutations slip-sliding away? Current Biology 5:97-99. (Abstract)
  207. Travisano, M., J. A. Mongold, A. F. Bennett, and R. E. Lenski. 1995. Experimental tests of the roles of adaptation, chance, and history in evolution. Science 267:87-90. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  208. Lenski, R. E. 1995. Evolution in experimental populations of bacteria. Pp. 193-215 in S. Baumberg, J. P. W. Young, E. M. H. Wellington, and J. R. Saunders, editors. Population Genetics of Bacteria (Society for General Microbiology Symposium Series). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  209. Leroi, A. M., R. E. Lenski, and A. F. Bennett. 1994. Evolutionary adaptation to temperature. III. Adaptation of Escherichia coli to a temporally varying environment. Evolution 48:1222-1229. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  210. Korona, R., C. H. Nakatsu, L. J. Forney, and R. E. Lenski. 1994. Evidence for multiple adaptive peaks from populations of bacteria evolving in a structured habitat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 91:9037-9041. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  211. Vasi, F., M. Travisano, and R. E. Lenski. 1994. Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. II. Changes in life-history traits during adaptation to a seasonal environment. American Naturalist 144:432-456. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  212. Lenski, R. E., and R. M. May. 1994. The evolution of virulence in parasites and pathogens: reconciliation between two competing hypotheses. Journal of Theoretical Biology 169:253-265. (Abstract)
  213. Lenski, R. E., and M. Travisano. 1994. Dynamics of adaptation and diversification: a 10,000-generation experiment with bacterial populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 91:6808-6814. [Reprinted: Pp. 253-273 in F. J. Ayala and W. M. Fitch, editors. 1995. Tempo and Mode in Evolution: Genetics and Paleontology 50 Years after Simpson. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.] (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  214. Lenski, R. E., S. C. Simpson, and T. T. Nguyen. 1994. Genetic analysis of a plasmid-encoded, host genotype-specific enhancement of bacterial fitness. Journal of Bacteriology 176:3140-3147. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  215. Lenski, R. E., V. Souza, L. P. Duong, Q. G. Phan, T. N. M. Nguyen, and K. P. Bertrand. 1994. Epistatic effects of promoter and repressor functions of the Tn10 tetracycline-resistance operon on the fitness of Escherichia coli. Molecular Ecology 3:127-135. (Acrobat file)
  216. Leroi, A. M., A. F. Bennett, and R. E. Lenski. 1994. Temperature acclimation and competitive fitness: an experimental test of the beneficial acclimation assumption. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 91:1917-1921. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  217. Moxon, E. R., P. B. Rainey, M. A. Nowak, and R. E. Lenski. 1994. Adaptive evolution of highly mutable loci in pathogenic bacteria. Current Biology 4:24-33. (Article)
  218. Lenski, R. E., and J. E. Mittler. 1993. Whither directed mutation? (Letter). Science 262:318-319.
  219. Lenski, R. E., and A. F. Bennett. 1993. Evolutionary response of Escherichia coli to thermal stress. American Naturalist 142:S47-S64. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  220. Lenski, R. E., and J. E. Mittler. 1993. Unusual mutational mechanisms and evolution (Technical Comment). Science 260:1959-1960.
  221. Lenski, R. E. 1993. Assessing the genetic structure of microbial populations (Commentary). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 90:4334-4336. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  222. Lenski, R. E., and J. E. Mittler. 1993. Directed mutation (Letter). Science 260:1222-1224.
  223. Lenski, R. E. 1993. Evaluating the fate of genetically modified microorganisms in the environment: are they inherently less fit? Experientia 49:201-209. (Abstract)
  224. Bennett, A. F., and R. E. Lenski. 1993. Evolutionary adaptation to temperature. II. Thermal niches of experimental lines of Escherichia coli. Evolution 47:1-12. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  225. Lenski, R. E. 1993. A lac of interest in evolution. Current Biology 3:121-123.
  226. Lenski, R. E., and J. E. Mittler. 1993. The directed mutation controversy and neo-Darwinism. Science 259:188-194. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  227. Lenski, R. E. 1992. Experimental evolution. Vol. 2, pp. 125-140 in J. Lederberg, editor. Encyclopedia of Microbiology. Academic Press, San Diego. (Acrobat file)
  228. Souza, V., T. T. Nguyen, R. R. Hudson, D. Pinero, and R. E. Lenski. 1992. Hierarchical analysis of linkage disequilibrium in Rhizobium populations: evidence for sex? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 89:8389-8393. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  229. Mittler, J. E., and R. E. Lenski. 1992. Experimental evidence for an alternative to directed mutation in the bgl operon. Nature 356:446-448. (Abstract)
  230. Bennett, A. F., R. E. Lenski, and J. E. Mittler. 1992. Evolutionary adaptation to temperature. I. Fitness responses of Escherichia coli to changes in its thermal environment. Evolution 46:16-30. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  231. Lenski, R. E. 1992. All creatures macro and micro (Book Review). Ecology 73:377-378. (Acrobat file)
  232. Lenski, R. E. 1992. Relative fitness: Its estimation and its significance for environmental applications of microorganisms. Pp. 183-198 in M. Levin, R. Seidler, and M. Rogul, editors. Microbial Ecology: Principles, Applications and Methods. McGraw-Hill, New York. (Acrobat file)
  233. Lenski, R. E., M. R. Rose, S. C. Simpson, and S. C. Tadler. 1991. Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. I. Adaptation and divergence during 2,000 generations. American Naturalist 138:1315-1341. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  234. Lenski, R. E. 1991. Quantifying fitness and gene stability in microorganisms. Pp. 173-192 in L. R. Ginzburg, editor. Assessing Ecological Risks of Biotechnology. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  235. Bennett, A. F., K. M. Dao, and R. E. Lenski. 1990. Rapid evolution in response to high temperature selection. Nature 346:79-81. (PDF link)
  236. Lenski, R. E. 1990. Muller's ratchet (Book Review). Science 248:901. (Acrobat file)
  237. Mittler, J. E., and R. E. Lenski. 1990. Causes of mutation and Mu excision (Scientific Correspondence). Nature 345:213.
  238. Mittler, J. E., and R. E. Lenski. 1990. New data on excisions of Mu from E. coli MCS2 cast doubt on directed mutation hypothesis. Nature 344:173-175. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  239. Committee on Scientific Evaluation of the Introduction of Genetically Modified Microorganisms and Plants into the Environment. 1989. Field Testing Genetically Modified Organisms: Framework for Decisions. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. xiii, 170 pp. (Acrobat file)
  240. Lenski, R. E., M. Slatkin, and F. J. Ayala. 1989. Mutation and selection in bacterial populations: alternatives to the hypothesis of directed mutation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 86:2775-2778. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  241. Nguyen, T. N. M., Q. G. Phan, L. P. Duong, K. P. Bertrand, and R. E. Lenski. 1989. Effects of carriage and expression of the Tn10 tetracycline resistance operon on the fitness of Escherichia coli K12. Molecular Biology and Evolution 6:213-225. (Acrobat file)
  242. Lenski, R. E. 1989. Are some mutations directed? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 4:148-150. (Acrobat file)
  243. Tiedje, J. M., R. K. Colwell, Y. L. Grossman, R. Hodson, R. E. Lenski, R. N. Mack, and P. J. Regal. 1989. The planned introduction of genetically engineered organisms: ecological considerations and recommendations. Ecology 70:298-315. (Acrobat file)
  244. Lenski, R. E., M. Slatkin, and F. J. Ayala. 1989. Another alternative to directed mutation (Scientific Correspondence). Nature 337:123-124. (Abstract)
  245. Bouma, J. E., and R. E. Lenski. 1988. Evolution of a bacteria/plasmid association. Nature 335:351-352. (Abstract)(Acrobat file)
  246. Lenski, R. E. 1988. Evolution of plague virulence (News and Views). Nature 334:473-474. (Acrobat file)
  247. Lenski, R. E. 1988. Experimental studies of pleiotropy and epistasis in Escherichia coli. II. Compensation for maladaptive pleiotropic effects associated with resistance to virus T4. Evolution 42:433-440. (Acrobat file)
  248. Lenski, R. E. 1988. Experimental studies of pleiotropy and epistasis in Escherichia coli. I. Variation in competitive fitness among mutants resistant to virus T4. Evolution 42:425-432. (Acrobat file)
  249. Lenski, R. E., and T. T. Nguyen. 1988. Stability of recombinant DNA and its effects on fitness. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 3:S18-S20. (Acrobat file)
  250. Lenski, R. E. 1988. Dynamics of interactions between bacteria and virulent phage. Advances in Microbial Ecology 10:1-44. (Acrobat file)
  251. Lenski, R. E., and J. E. Bouma. 1987. Effects of segregation and selection on instability of pACYC184 in Escherichia coli B. Journal of Bacteriology 169:5314-5316. (Abstract)
  252. Lenski, R. E. 1987. The infectious spread of engineered genes. Pp. 99-124 in J. R. Fowle, III, editor. Application of Biotechnology: Environmental and Policy Issues. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C. (Acrobat file)
  253. Lenski, R. E., and S. E. Hattingh. 1986. Coexistence of two competitors on one resource and one inhibitor: a chemostat model based on bacteria and antibiotics. Journal of Theoretical Biology 122:83-93. (Acrobat file)
  254. Lenski, R. E., and B. R. Levin. 1985. Constraints on the coevolution of bacteria and virulent phage: a model, some experiments, and predictions for natural communities. American Naturalist 125:585-602. (Acrobat file)
  255. Levin, B. R., and R. E. Lenski. 1985. Bacteria and phage: a model system for the study of the ecology and coevolution of hosts and parasites. Pp. 227-242 in D. Rollinson and R. M. Anderson, editors. Ecology and Genetics of Host-Parasite Interactions. Academic Press, London.
  256. Lenski, R. E., and B. R. Levin. 1985. Genetic engineering (Forum). Issues in Science and Technology 1 (4) :13-14.
  257. Brown, J. H., R. K. Colwell, R. E. Lenski, B. R. Levin, M. Lloyd, P. J. Regal, and D. Simberloff. 1984. Report on workshop on possible ecological and evolutionary impacts of bioengineered organisms released into the environment. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 65:436-438.
  258. Lenski, R. E. 1984. Releasing "ice-minus" bacteria (Correspondence). Nature 307:8.
  259. Lenski, R. E. 1984. Coevolution of bacteria and phage: are there endless cycles of bacterial defenses and phage counterdefenses? Journal of Theoretical Biology 108:319-325. (Abstract)
  260. Lenski, R. E. 1984. Two-step resistance by Escherichia coli B to bacteriophage T2. Genetics 107:1-7. (Abstract)
  261. Lenski, R. E. 1984. Food limitation and competition: a field experiment with two Carabus species. Journal of Animal Ecology 53:203-216. (Acrobat file)
  262. Levin, B. R., and R. E. Lenski. 1983. Coevolution in bacteria and their viruses and plasmids. Pp. 99-127 in D. J. Futuyma and M. Slatkin, editors. Coevolution. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass. (Acrobat file)
  263. Lenski, R. E. 1982. The impact of forest cutting on the diversity of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the southern Appalachians. Ecological Entomology 7:385-390.
  264. Lenski, R. E. 1982. Effects of forest cutting on two Carabus species: evidence for competition for food. Ecology 63:1211-1217. (Acrobat file)
  265. Service, P. M., and R. E. Lenski. 1982. Aphid genotypes, plant phenotypes, and genetic diversity: a demographic analysis of experimental data. Evolution 36:1276-1282. (Acrobat file)
  266. Lenski, R. E., and P. M. Service. 1982. The statistical analysis of population growth rates calculated from schedules of survivorship and fecundity. Ecology 63:655-662. (Acrobat file)
  267. Lenski, R. E. 1981. First record of brachyptery in Apenes (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini). Coleopterists Bulletin 35:180.

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